Tribute System and the Sinocentric World
Keywords:
Tribute system, Sinocentric order, East Asia, Central AsiaAbstract
The John K. Fairbank scheme includes all of China’s relations with the exterior within the tribute system. This scheme has been questioned because it limits and does little to explain its behavior in different conjunctures and historical periods. When analyzing China’s relations with the peoples of East Asia, Southeast Asia and Central Asia, the differences and characteristics of those relations become evident. Korea and Vietnam were very close to the model tributary state, the same as the Ryukyu Islands. Other kingdoms such as Burma did not accept it, unless it was necessary to do so at a certain juncture. The peoples of northern China, in general, did not accept the predominance of Chinese rulers and war was always present. With the pressure of the European powers and after Japan itself, the sinocentric world came to an end. China was forced to enter "the family of nations".
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