Consumo de energía y emisiones de CO2 en América del Norte
Palabras clave:
Consumo de energía, convergencia estocástica, pruebas de raíces unitarias, NorteaméricaResumen
El análisis de la convergencia estocástica es útil para evaluar la eficiencia o ineficiencia de políticas económicas en el mediano y largo plazo si se conoce la estacionariedad de las series de tiempo estudiadas. En este artículo examinamos la convergencia estocástica en el consumo de energía primaria y las emisiones de dióxido de carbono (CO2) en Canadá, México y Estados Unidos durante el periodo de 1965 a 2019. La metodología de este estudio se basa en la aplicación de pruebas de raíces unitarias tradicionales (Dickey-Fuller Aumentado y Phillips-Perron) y de última generación (LM y RALS-LM) al consumo relativo de energía primaria per cápita y las emisiones de CO2 per cápita de los tres países. Con el análisis econométrico realizado concluimos que tanto el consumo de energía como la emisión de CO2 son divergentes en América de Norte. Si nos centramos en el periodo del Tratado de Libre Comercio para América del Norte (TLCAN), probamos la existencia de convergencia estocástica en energía primaria en Estados Unidos y emisiones de contaminantes en Canadá. La economía mexicana es divergente en ambas variables. Los gobiernos de los tres países deben enfocarse en la introducción de políticas comunes para fomentar la eficiencia energética y reducción de emisiones contaminantes.
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